Last updated on July 30, 2025

Starting a cassava farm in Nigeria typically costs ₦250,000–₦2,000,000 per acre, depending on your scale and location. All costs are based on 2024–2025 market data.

If you’ve ever wondered, “How much do I need to start a cassava farm?” you’re not alone. I asked myself the same question a few years ago, staring at a patch of overgrown land and a bank account that felt way too small. Cassava farming is one of the most popular ways to make money from agriculture in Nigeria, but the real costs can be confusing, and the advice out there is often too vague or unrealistic.

In this comprehensive guide, I’ll break down the actual costs, share my own mistakes and wins, and give you the kind of practical tips I wish someone had given me before I started. Whether you’re planning to farm one acre or ten, you’ll find real numbers, honest advice, and a few stories from the field that might just save you money—and headaches.

Looking for a step-by-step guide on the full process? Check out our detailed article: How to Start Cassava Farming in Nigeria.

How Much Do I Need to Start a Cassava Farm in Nigeria? (Quick Answer & Cost Range)

You’ll need between ₦250,000 and ₦2,000,000 per acre to start a cassava farm in Nigeria. The exact amount depends heavily on your location, the size of your farm, and how much work you’re willing to do yourself.

Here’s a quick overview of estimated startup costs:

Farm Size	Estimated Startup Cost (₦)
1 acre	250,000 – 400,000
5 acres	1,000,000 – 1,800,000
10 acres	2,000,000 – 3,500,000

Biggest cost drivers: Land, labor, and essential farm inputs (like quality stem cuttings and fertilizer). However, don’t ignore crucial “hidden costs” such as transportation, security, and budgeting for emergencies.

Curious about potential profits? Discover how much you can make from cassava in our guide: How Profitable is Cassava Farming in Nigeria? How Much Can 1 Acre of Cassava Generate?

Direct Cost Summary for Small, Medium, and Large Cassava Farms

• 1 acre: ₦250,000–₦400,000
• 5 acres: ₦1,000,000–₦1,800,000
• 10 acres: ₦2,000,000–₦3,500,000

Note: Costs don’t always scale evenly. Some things (like initial land preparation) can become cheaper per acre as you go bigger, but others (such as management and transport logistics) might become more expensive.

Key Factors Affecting Cassava Farming Costs Most

Understanding these variables is crucial for accurate budgeting:

• Location: Land prices vary significantly. Land in Ogun State, for example, is not the same price as land in Benue or Oyo States.
• Soil Quality: Poor soil quality necessitates higher expenditure on fertilizer and soil amendments to ensure good yields.
• Labor Availability & Rates: Are you hiring workers or leveraging family labor? Labor rates can fluctuate wildly, sometimes doubling during peak planting or harvesting seasons.
• Market Prices of Inputs: Prices for essential items like stem cuttings, fertilizer, and even labor can swing unexpectedly from year to year.

Personal story: When I started, I budgeted for labor based on what my uncle paid the year before. By the time I was ready to plant, the price had jumped by 40% because everyone in the area was planting at the same time. Lesson learned: Always check current local rates, and add a buffer to your budget for unforeseen increases.

Not sure which cassava variety to plant? Read our guide: Best Cassava Variety in Nigeria.

What is the Detailed Cassava Farming Cost Breakdown in Nigeria (2025)?

Here’s a breakdown of every major cost you’ll encounter when starting a cassava farm in Nigeria. These are real numbers from my own experience and from conversations with other successful farmers.

1. Land Acquisition or Lease Costs

This is often your first and most significant expense.

• Buying Land: ₦500,000–₦2,000,000+ per acre. The price is heavily dependent on the specific location, proximity to roads, and existing development.
• Leasing Land: ₦20,000–₦80,000 per acre per year. Leasing is a great option for those with limited startup capital.

Real prices I’ve seen (as of 2025):

• Ogun State: ₦1.2 million/acre (buy), ₦50,000/acre (lease)
• Benue State: ₦600,000/acre (buy), ₦30,000/acre (lease)
• Oyo State: ₦900,000/acre (buy), ₦40,000/acre (lease)

Tip: Never pay for land without conducting a proper search and survey. I almost lost money to a “family land” that turned out to be under dispute. Always get a lawyer or trusted local to help you verify ownership documents and boundaries.

Interested in other crops? See our guides on How Lucrative is Yam Farming in Nigeria? or Is Plantain Farming Profitable in Nigeria?.

2. Land Preparation & Soil Testing Expenses

Getting your land ready is crucial for good yields.

• Clearing, Ploughing, Ridging: ₦30,000–₦80,000 per acre. This cost varies based on the bush density and whether you opt for manual labor or machine hire (tractor).
• Soil Testing: ₦5,000–₦15,000 per sample.

Personal story: I skipped soil testing my first year, thinking it was a waste of money. My cassava barely grew, and I later found out the soil was too acidic. That ₦10,000 test would have saved me over ₦100,000 in wasted effort and poor yield.

Pro Tip: Don’t skip soil testing. It’s the cheapest insurance you can buy for your farm, guiding your fertilizer application and preventing costly mistakes.

3. Cassava Stem Cuttings (Planting Material) Costs

The foundation of your harvest!

• Price per Bundle: ₦1,000–₦2,500. You’ll typically need 50–60 bundles per acre.
• Where to Buy: Always source from certified, reputable suppliers to ensure disease-free and high-yielding varieties, not just your neighbor’s farm.

Advice: Always buy disease-free stem cuttings. I once bought “cheap” cuttings from a roadside seller, and half of them didn’t sprout, leading to significant losses. It’s always better to pay more for quality.

How to save: Join a local farmer group or cooperative. We once pooled money and got a bulk discount that saved each of us about 15% on cuttings.

4. Labor Costs (Planting, Weeding, Harvesting)

Labor is a significant recurring cost.

• Daily Wage: ₦3,000–₦7,000 per worker, depending on the region and the agricultural season (peak vs. off-peak).
• Mechanization: Tractor hire can save considerable time, costing around ₦20,000–₦40,000 per acre for tasks like ridging.

Typical labor costs per acre:

• Planting: ₦30,000–₦50,000
• Weeding (2-3 rounds): ₦20,000–₦40,000
• Harvesting: ₦25,000–₦50,000

Expert Insight: Research from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) highlights the efficiency of mechanization. “The main gain associated with the mechanized process was the relatively lower costs associated with planting and harvesting operations, which were cheaper over the manual operations by 55% and 59%, respectively.” This underscores the potential for significant cost-saving through mechanization, especially for larger farms. Source: Comparative field evaluation of mechanized and manual cassava production operations, IITA via ResearchGate

Tip: If feasible, utilize family labor or hire during the off-peak season when labor rates are often lower. Always negotiate rates in advance and consider putting agreements in writing to avoid disputes.

5. Fertilizer, Herbicides & Pest Control

Essential for healthy growth and protection.

• Fertilizer: ₦20,000–₦40,000 per acre (e.g., NPK, Urea, or organic alternatives). Application should be based on soil test results.
• Herbicides: ₦5,000–₦10,000 per acre (for weed control).
• Pest Control: ₦3,000–₦7,000 per acre (for insecticides or specific pest treatments).

Mistake to avoid: Don’t over-apply chemicals. I once thought “more is better” with fertilizer and ended up burning my young plants. Always follow the recommended dosage and guidelines.

Tip: Ask your local extension officer for advice on the best fertilizer blend for your specific soil type and cassava variety.

6. Irrigation & Water Management (If Needed)

Primarily for dry season farming.

• When you need it: Only if you’re farming during the dry season or in areas with unreliable rainfall.
• Borehole: ₦300,000–₦600,000 (a significant one-time investment that can serve multiple acres).
• Manual Watering: Extremely labor-intensive and generally not practical for more than 1 acre.

Advice: If you’re starting small and have budget constraints, try to plan your farming cycle during the rainy season to avoid irrigation costs. For more on dry season crops, see our List of Dry Season Crops in Nigeria.

7. Transportation & Logistics

Getting your inputs to the farm and produce to market.

• Moving Inputs/Harvest: ₦10,000–₦30,000 per trip, depending on distance, road conditions, and vehicle type.
• Hidden Costs: Factor in market fees, loading/unloading labor, and minor unofficial payments (“dash”) sometimes required for smooth operations.

Personal story: I once lost money because I didn’t factor in the full cost of transporting my harvest to the market. The truck I hired broke down, and I had to pay extra for another one at the last minute, significantly eroding my profit.

Tip: Always have a backup plan for transport, and budget an extra 10-15% for unexpected delays or unforeseen logistical challenges.

8. Hidden & Unexpected Costs (What Most Guides Miss)

These can quickly derail your budget if not considered.

• Security: ₦5,000–₦20,000/month for a dedicated guard or local vigilante services, especially for larger farms or in less secure areas.
• Basic Tools: ₦10,000–₦30,000 for essential farming tools like hoes, cutlasses, watering cans, and sprayers.
• Losses & Emergencies: Budget for potential losses due to theft, fire outbreaks, severe pest infestations, or unseasonal weather. Always set aside a 10% “emergency fund” of your total budget.

Personal story: I lost 15% of my harvest to goats because I didn’t fence my plot. Another year, I lost some to thieves during harvest. Now, I always budget for basic fencing and engage a trusted local for security.

Tip: Do not ignore security. Even a simple wire fence or engaging a trusted local can save you significant losses in the long run.

Top 5 Hidden Costs to Watch For in Cassava Farming:

1. Unforeseen Transport Issues: Vehicle breakdowns, unexpected tolls, or increased fuel prices can quickly inflate logistics costs. Always have a buffer.
2. Fluctuating Labor Rates: Demand for farm labor can surge during peak seasons, driving up daily wages. Confirm rates close to planting/harvesting time.
3. Security Breaches: Theft of produce or damage from stray animals can lead to significant losses if not adequately protected. Invest in basic security measures.
4. Unexpected Soil Amendments: If you skip soil testing, you might find your soil needs more lime, organic matter, or specific nutrients than anticipated, adding to fertilizer costs.
5. Market Gluts & Price Drops: While not a direct “cost,” a sudden drop in market prices at harvest time can severely impact your expected revenue, effectively increasing your per-unit cost of production. Stay informed on market trends.

What Do Sample Cassava Farm Budgets Look Like (With Real-World Examples)?

Here’s what a real cassava farm budget looks like, based on my own numbers and what I’ve seen from other farmers. Use these as a guide, but adapt them to your specific context.

1-Acre Cassava Farm: Detailed Cost Table

This budget assumes you are leasing land and managing most tasks yourself.

Item	Estimated Cost (₦)
Land Lease (1 year)	50,000
Land Preparation (clearing, ridging)	40,000
Cassava Stem Cuttings	80,000
Labor (planting, weeding, harvesting)	100,000
Farm Inputs (fertilizer, herbicides, pest control)	30,000
Transportation (inputs & harvest)	20,000
Basic Tools	15,000
Miscellaneous/Emergency Fund (10%)	20,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST	₦355,000

5-Acre Cassava Farm: Detailed Cost Table

This budget reflects economies of scale but also increased management needs.

Item	Estimated Cost (₦)
Land Lease (5 years, amortized per year)	250,000
Land Preparation (mechanized)	180,000
Cassava Stem Cuttings	400,000
Labor (mix of manual & mechanized support)	450,000
Farm Inputs	140,000
Transportation	80,000
Tools & Minor Equipment	50,000
Miscellaneous/Emergency Fund (10%)	50,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST	₦1,600,000

10-Acre Cassava Farm: Detailed Cost Table

For larger-scale operations, where mechanization and supervision become more critical.

Item	Estimated Cost (₦)
Land Lease (multiple years)	500,000
Land Preparation (mechanized)	350,000
Cassava Stem Cuttings	800,000
Labor (with supervisor/foreman)	900,000
Farm Inputs	250,000
Transportation	150,000
Tools & Equipment	80,000
Miscellaneous/Emergency Fund (10%)	100,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST	₦3,130,000

How Costs Change as You Scale Up

• Not everything gets cheaper per acre. While some costs like mechanized land prep might reduce per acre, transportation, supervision, and complex logistics can actually get more expensive on a larger scale.
• Where you save: You gain advantages through bulk buying of inputs, potential for shared labor pools, and more efficient equipment rental.
• Mistake to avoid: Don’t assume you’ll save on every single item just because you’re farming more acres. Some costs, particularly those related to supervision, security, and complex logistics, can increase disproportionately.

Tip: If you’re scaling up beyond a few acres, seriously consider hiring a supervisor or farm manager to help you keep track of labor and expenses.

How to Reduce Your Cassava Farming Startup Costs (Practical Strategies)

Smart planning can significantly cut down your initial investment.

• Buy inputs off-season: Prices for critical items like stem cuttings and fertilizer are usually lower before the peak planting rush begins. Plan ahead!
• Join a Cooperative: Farmer cooperatives offer numerous benefits, including better bulk prices on inputs and sometimes access to shared equipment, reducing individual costs.
• Utilize Family or Community Labor: For smaller operations, engaging family members or participating in community labor exchange programs can save a significant amount on wages, especially for weeding and harvesting.
• Negotiate Everything: From your land lease agreement to transport fees for your harvest, never accept the first price you’re given. Always negotiate for better terms.
• Start Small and Reinvest: If your budget is tight, begin with 1 acre. Learn the ropes, understand the local market dynamics, and then use your profits to gradually expand your farm. This “bootstrapping” approach reduces risk.

Personal tip: I saved about 20% on stem cuttings by joining a local farmer group and buying in bulk. I also swapped labor with a neighbor—he helped me plant, and I helped him weed, saving both of us cash.

For more on the best time to plant, see our guide: Best Month to Plant Cassava in Nigeria.

How Can New Cassava Farmers in Nigeria Get Funding & Support?

Securing funding can be a challenge, but various options exist.

• Government Programs:
  • CBN Anchor Borrowers Programme: A prominent initiative aimed at supporting smallholder farmers.
  • Bank of Agriculture loans: Offers agricultural loans to farmers across different scales.
  • State Government Grants: Check with your specific state’s Ministry of Agriculture for available grants and support programs.
• Private/NGO Support:
  • Agribusiness Incubators: Programs that provide training, mentorship, and sometimes seed funding.
  • NGOs: Organizations like IFAD, Syngenta Foundation, and others sometimes offer support or grants to farmers.
  • Private Grants: Occasionally available from large food processing companies or agricultural corporations looking to secure raw materials.
• Business Plan Tips for Funders: Funders, whether government or private, want to see a clear, concise, and realistic business plan. It should include:
  • A detailed budget breakdown.
  • Realistic yield estimates.
  • A clear strategy for selling your harvest (market linkages).
  • Your experience or willingness to learn.

How to get started:

• Visit your local Ministry of Agriculture or an extension office for information on current grants, loan schemes, and support programs.
• Prepare a simple yet professional business plan outlining your expected costs, projected yields, and how you intend to sell your cassava tubers.
• Network extensively with other farmers in your area. Often, word of mouth is the best way to hear about new opportunities, successful strategies, or available support.

Simple Cassava Farm Business Plan Checklist:

When approaching funders, a clear and concise business plan is essential. Here’s a checklist of what to include:

1. Executive Summary: A brief overview of your farm, goals, and funding needs.
2. Farm Description: Size, location, and current state of your land.
3. Management Team: Who is involved, their experience, and roles.
4. Production Plan:
   • Cassava variety chosen and why.
   • Planting schedule and expected yield per acre.
   • Farming methods (manual, mechanized, organic, etc.).
   • Pest and disease management strategy.
5. Market Analysis:
   • Who are your target buyers (processors, local markets, aggregators)?
   • Expected market prices for cassava.
   • Your sales strategy.
6. Financial Projections:
   • Detailed startup budget (like the tables in this guide).
   • Projected revenue based on yield and market prices.
   • Cash flow projections for the first 1-3 years.
   • Break-even analysis.
7. Funding Request:
   • How much capital you need.
   • How you plan to use the funds.
   • Repayment plan (for loans).
8. Risk Assessment:
   • Identify potential risks (weather, pests, market fluctuations).
   • Outline your mitigation strategies.

If you’re interested in rice farming, explore our guide: How to Build a Successful Rice Farming Business in Nigeria.

Calculate Your Cassava Farming Costs & Potential Profit

Calculate Your Costs & Profit

Frequently Asked Questions About Cassava Farming Costs

For more details on cassava growth, read: How Long Does It Take Cassava to Grow?

What Was My Real Experience Starting a Cassava Farm (And What I Learned)?

My Actual Budget vs. Reality

When I first ventured into cassava farming, I meticulously planned to spend ₦300,000 for my 1 acre. In reality, I ended up spending around ₦370,000. The extra costs were primarily due to an unforeseen land survey fee, higher-than-expected transportation costs for inputs, and a last-minute hike in local labor rates during peak planting season. The biggest surprise, however, was the actual cost of moving my harvest to market—it turned out to be double what I had initially budgeted for.

Lessons Learned & What I’d Do Differently

• Fence your farm if you can afford it. Goats, cattle, and even human thieves are real threats that can wipe out your efforts. Basic fencing can deter many issues.
• Always budget for “hidden costs.” There’s almost always something you didn’t plan for. An emergency fund is non-negotiable.
• Don’t rush land deals. Take your time, conduct thorough due diligence, and verify everything twice before committing.
• Join a local farmer group or cooperative. This isn’t just about saving money on inputs; it’s about sharing knowledge, getting support, and accessing opportunities you wouldn’t find alone.
• Keep meticulous records. Write down every single expense, no matter how small. It’s the only way to accurately track your profitability and identify areas for improvement in future cycles.

Final Tip: Don’t be afraid to ask for help or advice from experienced cassava farmers. Most successful cassava farmers I know learned invaluable lessons from others in the field, not just from books or YouTube videos. Practical, localized knowledge is gold.

Conclusion: Your Path to a Profitable Cassava Farm

Starting a cassava farm in Nigeria is a rewarding venture, but it demands careful planning and a realistic understanding of the costs involved. This guide has provided you with a comprehensive budget breakdown, from land acquisition and preparation to labor, inputs, and those often-overlooked hidden costs.

Remember, while the initial startup cost might seem daunting, smart strategies like buying inputs off-season, joining cooperatives, and leveraging family labor can significantly reduce your outlay. More importantly, don’t underestimate the value of soil testing and a well-thought-out business plan—these are investments that pay dividends in higher yields and easier access to funding.

By learning from real-world experiences and preparing for potential risks, you can navigate the complexities of cassava farming with confidence. Start small, learn continuously, and apply these practical tips to cultivate not just cassava, but a truly profitable and sustainable agribusiness. Your journey to becoming a successful cassava farmer begins with informed decisions and diligent execution.

Related Posts You Might Find Helpful:

• How to Start Cassava Farming in Nigeria
• Best Cassava Variety in Nigeria
• How Long Does It Take Cassava to Grow?
• How Profitable is Cassava Farming in Nigeria? How Much Can 1 Acre of Cassava Generate?
• Best Month to Plant Cassava in Nigeria
• How Lucrative is Yam Farming in Nigeria?
• Is Plantain Farming Profitable in Nigeria?
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